On energy, Laplacian energy and $p$-fold graphs

Abstract

For a graph $G$ having adjacency spectrum ($A$-spectrum) $\lambda_n\leq\lambda_{n-1}\leq\cdots\leq\lambda_1$ and Laplacian spectrum ($L$-spectrum) $0=\mu_n\leq\mu_{n-1}\leq\cdots\leq\mu_1$, the energy is defined as $ E(G)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}|\lambda_i|$ and the Laplacian energy is defined as $LE(G)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}|\mu_i-\frac{2m}{n}|$. In this paper, we give upper and lower bounds for the energy of $KK_n^j,~1\leq j \leq n$ and as a consequence we generalize a result of Stevanovic et al. [More on the relation between Energy and Laplacian energy of graphs, MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. {\bf 61} (2009) 395-401]. We also consider strong double graph and strong $p$-fold graph to construct some new families of graphs $G$ for which $E(G)> LE(G)$.